Wireless Protocols

 


Wi-Fi

  • Standards: IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ax, IEEE 802.11be, IEEE 802.11bn.
  • Operating Frequency: 2.4GHz, 5GHz and 6GHz.
  • Bandwidth (BW): 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, 160MHz and 320MHz.
  • Data Rates: 1 Mbps, 2 Mbps, 5.5 Mbps, 6 Mbps, 9 Mbps, 11Mbps, 12 Mbps, 18 Mbps, 24 Mbps, 36 Mbps, 48 Mbps, 54 Mbps, 450 Mbps, 866.7 Mbps, 1.73 Gbps and 2.4 Gbps.

  • Modulations: CCK, DSSS, OFDM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, 1024-QAM and 4096 QAM.

  • 5GHz Channel plan: 
  • Range: 45 to 90 Meters

Wi-Fi channel details




Bluetooth 

  • Standard: IEEE 802.15.1, Bluetooth Special Interest Group (Bluetooth SIG).
  • Operating Frequency: 2.4GHz.
  • Bandwidth (BW): 1 MHz for BT classic and 2MHz for BLE.
  • Data Rates: 125 Kbps, 500 Kbps, 1 Mbps, 2Mbps and 3 Mbps.

  • Modulations: GFSK, Pi/4-DPSK and 8-DPSK.
  • Range: Up to 100 Meters.

Bluetooth channel details


ZigBee

  • Standard: IEEE 802.15.4
  • Operating Frequency: 868-870 MHz, 902-928 MHz, 2.4-2.4835 GHz.
  • Bandwidth (BW): 2MHz and 5MHz.
  • Data Rates: 20 Kbps, 40 Kbps and 250 Kbps

  • Modulations: BPSK and OQPSK
  • Range: Upto 100 Meters

ZigBee channel details




Z-Wave

  • Standard: Proprietary, Z-Wave Alliance
  • Operating Frequency: 868 MHz and 915 MHz..
  • Data Rates: Up to 100 Kbps

  • Modulations: FSK with Manchester encoding, GFSK and DSSS-OQPSK
  • Range: Upto 2.4 Kilometers


LoRa-WAN

  • Standard: LoRa Alliance
  • Operating Frequency: 433 MHz, 868 MHz, 915 MHz and 2.4 GHz .
  • Data Rates: 0.3 Kbps to 50 Kbps

  • Modulations: Chirp spread spectrum (CSS) technology
  • Range: 10 to 20 Kilometers

LoRa channel details




Near Field Communication (NFC)

  • Standards: RFID, ISO/IEC 18000-3, ISO/IEC 14443,  ISO/IEC 15693,  ISO/IEC 18092 etc.
  • Operating Frequency: 13.56 MHz
  • Data Rates: 46 Kbps to 1.7 Mbps
  • Modulations: ASK with modified Miller coding, OOK with Manchester code, BPSK with NRZ-L encoding.
  • Range: Upto 10 Centimeter


GSM (2G)

  • Standards: 3GPP TS 45 series
  • Operating Frequency: 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz
  • Data Rates: Up to 384 Kbps
  • Modulations: GMSK and 8-PSK
  • Range: 2 to 5 Kilometers in urban and 10 to 50 Kilometers in rural areas


WCDMA (3G)

  • Standards: 3GPP TS 25 series
  • Operating Frequency: 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1700 MHz, 1900 MHz and 2100 MHz
  • Data Rates: Down-link speeds up to 42 Mbps and up-link speeds up to 22 Mbps
  • Modulations: QPSK, 16-QAM and 64 QAM
  • Range: 1 to 3 Kilometers in urban and 8 to 30 Kilometers in rural areas


LTE (4G)

  • Standards: 3GPP TS 36/37 series
  • Operating Frequency: 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz, 2100 MHz, 2300 MHz, 2500 MHz and 2600 MHz
  • Data Rates: Down-link speeds up to 3 Gbps and up-link speeds up to 1.5 Gbps
  • Modulations: QPSK, 16-QAM, 64 QAM and 256 QAM
  • Range: 2 to 5 Kilometers in urban and 10 to 30 Kilometers in rural areas.


5G

  • Standards: IMT 2020, 3GPP TS 37/38 series.
  • Operating Frequency: 600-700 MHz, 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 3.7-4.2 GHz, 28 GHz and 39 GHz.
  • Data Rates: Down-link speeds up to 10 Gbps and up-link speeds up to 3 Gbps
  • Modulations: QPSK, 16-QAM, 64 QAM, 256 QAM and 1024 QAM
  • Range: 1 to 5 Kilometers

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